What is behaviour?
Behaviour is the pattern of how a person responds to a stimulus. Responses can be influenced by
- Culture: the shared patterns of behaviours and interactions, cognitive constructs, and affective understanding that are learned through a process of socialization. These shared patterns identify the members of a culture group while also distinguishing those of another group.
- Attitude: a hypothetical construct that represents an individual's like or dislike for an item; mental position relative to a way of thinking or being. The current popular usage of attitude implies a negative mindset, a "chip on the shoulder" behavior, and an inner anger toward the prevailing majority of thought.
- Emotion: a feeling that is private and subjective; a state of psychological arousal an expression or display of distinctive somatic and autonomic responses.
- Values: beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something)
- Ethics: response based on what is right; the process of determining how one should hold the interests of various stakeholders, taking into account moral values/principles
- Authority: the power or right to give orders or make decisions
- Coercion: obtaining a response by use force; compelling a person to behave in an involuntary way (whether through action or inaction) by use of threats/intimidation
- Persuasion: obtaining a response by convincing a person; the process of guiding people toward the adoption of an idea, attitude, or action by rational and symbolic (though not always logical) means. It is strategy of problem-solving relying on "appeals" rather than force.
- Genetics: inherited from parents; pertaining to genes or any of their effects
Individual Behaviour
Individual behavior is the way in which one person acts apart from another person or group. Individual behavior can be different than anyone else and is personalize by that person.
Why to study Individual Behaviour?
- Learn one’s own behaviour pattern
- Interpret one’s own behaviour pattern
- Take corrective measures to develop appropriate behaviour pattern for personal effectiveness
- Develop Self Competency
- Self-Competency
- Understanding one’s own personality
- Taking responsibility for managing oneself
- Assessing and establishing one’s own developmental, personal and work-related goals
Variables of Individual Behaviours
Variables that characterize and describe an individual’s behaviours result to a large extent from dynamic factors, personality variables, values as well as cognitive and physical abilities, leadership, and training. Identified as particularly relevant, the following variables were included in the model.
- Memory performance is the correctness and extent of recall of cognitive contents previously encoded.
- Speed of response refers to the speed with which an individual reacts to a cue and with which a person completes a response following response initiation.
- Risk taking is the degree to which an individual willingly undertakes actions that involve a significant degree of risk.
- Self-monitoring describes self-observation and control of one’s expressive behaviour and self-presentation.
- Adaptive behaviour refers to any process whereby behaviour or subjective experience alters to fit in with a changed environment or circumstances or in response to social pressure.
- Conformity is the tendency to attempt to act in ways consistent with the majority.
- Cooperative behaviour is in effect when individuals work in common with commonly agreed-upon goals and possibly methods, instead of working separately in competition.
- Extra-role behaviour involves activities that are essential for organisational effectiveness but are discretionary in nature, e.g. acting courteously and helping others.
Practical Insight: Understanding behavioural science helps you see why people act the way they do it shows how culture, attitudes, values, emotions and habits shape everyday decisions, so you can design better strategies for communication, leadership, teamwork or personal growth.
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